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Why Patton took 200 German officers to Dachau after their complaints

May 1945, Bavaria, Germany. The war was finished. Thousands of officers Germans were languishing in camps of American prisoners waiting to return home and they began to complain. The food was not quite good, eliopure, not enough hot water. They demanded better quality treatment. They were after all officers.

They deserve respect. The complaints went back to General Paton. He read it one by one. Of German officers demanding comfort, demanding privileges, behaving as if the war had not was just an inconvenience that they had to endure. Paton made a decision. He ordered trucks to be requisitioned, let the complaining officers be charged there and told them that he would be transferred to another establishment.

The trucks crossed the countryside Bavarian towards the east until reaching a place that the officers knew, of Acho. Paton led them to the camp of concentration to show them where their victims had lived, where they had suffered, where they were dead. What happened when these German officers crossed this door were going to break their arrogance forever.

This is the story of the visit which destroyed their pride. For understand why Paton did what he fit, we must understand what is happening passed in May in prison camps Americans. Germany had capitulated, the fighting was over and suddenly the American army found responsible for hundreds of thousands of German prisoners. only simple soldiers, officers, many of them, colonels, majors, captains, men who had ordered divisions, led battalions, fought throughout Europe.

They were housed in camps spread across throughout Germany, installations temporary, tents, barracks, rudimentary accommodation. Nothing luxurious but safe, clean. Three meals per day, medical care available. By camp standards of prisoners, they were well treated. Better than prisoners allies had not been in the camps Germans.

Better than he had lesser right to hope. And they complained, not discreetly, no not in secret, formal complaints written documents filed by voice hierarchy, complaints documented regarding their conditions of life. The complaints were similar striking manner. The food was insufficient. American rations were unworthy of dignity of German officers.

They wanted to German food prepared by German cooks. The conditions of sleep was unacceptable. Camp beds in barracks communities. No privacy, no single room. They were officers. He deserved coins, real beds, not military lilins campaign. Sanitary facilities were intolerable. Shared toilets, no hot water to bathe.

They demanded to real bathrooms, showers hot, the basic conditions of human dignity. A Colonel’s Complaint German even invoked the expression of violation of the Geneva Convention. He argued that the conditions amounted to inhumane treatment, that Germany would never have dealt with American officers in this way. Complaints piled up into dozens then hundreds.

Officers Germans who waged war there in Europe for years demanded now better conditions of accommodation from the army which had won. The complaints rose again to division headquarters then to corps headquarters and finally landed on the desk of Patonne. read them all one by one. He was sitting in his office facing piles of paper, formal complaints of German officers typed machine, signed, deposited by the way official hierarchy.

One demanded clean bed linen, another wanted coffee rather than tea. A major complained that the food portions were too small for someone his rank. Paton’s staff observed him reading. His face does not betrayed nothing, neither anger nor fun, nothing but concentration. When he had finished, he stood up, approached the map hanging on the wall, slid his finger along a route, then turned to his boss staff, prepare transport for around 200 German officers, trucks, armed guards tomorrow morning.

General, we transfer them to another camp of sorts. What installation, my general Paton pointed the finger card. Hot, the room froze. General, it’s a camp of concentration. It was empty present. The survivors were evacuated. The camp is preserved in its current state. we found it. I want these complaining officers see him.

The staff officer hesitated. My general, is that I mean, have we the right? Do we have the right to leave prisoners of war visit a historic site on the ground German? Yes, Captain, we have it fix this. The next morning, the 200 German officers were informed that they were going to be transferred. We put in trucks under the guard of armed American soldiers with a military police escort.

The officers assumed that they were led to better facilities. Finally, someone had heard their complaints. We transferred somewhere more suitable to men of their rank. Trucks crossed Bavaria. The officers Germans looked out the window their native country. Some recognized landmarks. They were driving east towards Munich.

A colonel turned towards a major sitting next to him. Maybe that he takes us into a real military installation, something more appropriate. The major shook his head. It was time. The conditions in this camp were outrageous. The trucks slowed down, left the main road and the officers saw where they were taken. A huge gate, electrified fences extending in both directions, watchtowers every 100 meters and the words written above the entrance.

Arbeit Mac Frey Daud. The trucks stopped. The American soldiers ordered the Germans came down and lined them up in a row. Paton was waiting, standing at the entrance great outfit. Its four stars sparkling, it was revolted to see it the belt. He didn’t scream, he didn’t scream not. His voice was calm, cold. Gentlemen, you have submitted numerous complaints regarding your living conditions, the quality of your food, the comfort of your beds, the state of your sanitary facilities.

You argued that you deserved a better treatment, that your rank conferred rights to certain standards. He paused, left silent have its effect. I brought you here to provide you with the necessary context to show you what it looks like real standards. He gestured to the American guards. Show them around. The visit began with the barracks of wooden structures designed to house maybe 200 people.

The Germans found that the Nazis had crammed more than 1000 people into each of them. The bunks were at three levels. wooden planks without mattress, without bed, nothing but wood, men sleep piled up against each other, barely room to move. An American guide, a lieutenant who had been part of the liberation troops explained in German.

The prisoners slept by rotation. There was not enough place so that everyone can lie down at the same time. He relayed. A German officer interrupted him. It’s propaganda. None establishment would not house people of this way. The lieutenant looked at him. The prisoners we freed told us. Some are still hospitalized in Munich.

Do you want them called a liar? You can visit yourself. They passed to the disciplinary cells of tiny pieces of barely 1.20 m on 1 m20 in concrete, without windows, with a siphon in the ground, nothing else. Of prisoners were locked there for days,” explained the American. Sometimes whole weeks. No light, no toilet, nothing but hole.

He remained standing because there was no no room to lie down. The German officers were silent now, no more interruptions. He closes the experiment rooms medical, the equipment still in place, the tables, the instruments, the documentation posted on the wall, detailed records of experiments hypothermia, chamber tests decompression, experiments carried out on living human beings.

A German officer vomited, turned away. A American guard detained him. No, you go look, you will see everything. He saw the crematoria, the ovens in which corpses had been cremated, their size, scale industrial, proof of a murder of mass mechanized, efficient, systematic. Bon had prepared something else, something that would transform the simple testimony in confrontation direct.

Survivors, former prisoners who were still in the region and were recovering camps for displaced people surroundings. He had asked for volunteers. Dozens had presented. They stood in front of the barracks, skeletal silhouettes. their uniforms were striped their body. Some could barely stand, others leaned on canes, on crutches.

He doesn’t didn’t speak, didn’t accuse. He just stood there and looked at the German officers. The Germans do not couldn’t hold their gaze, I will look down at the ground, at their feet, towards anything, except towards the survivors who were staring at them. A survivor came forward, an elderly man, soy anson. He pointed at the German doc and spoke in German. I know you.

You were in the labor camp in Poland in 1943. You have selected workers among our group, sent the others in the gas chambers. You have selected my son. He was years old. You looked him straight in the eye and you pointed left towards the rooms. The colonel blurted: “I I obeyed orders. I wasn’t.” “You smile when you point.

I I remember it. You smile. The colonel doesn’t say anything. He had nothing to say.” A another survivor spoke up, pointing to another officer. You were in Motozen. You beat a man died because he took a piece extra bread. I looked while you were doing it. The officer Nia, it wasn’t me. You do error. I never have.

The survivor rolled up his sleeve, showing the tattoo, number. I was there. I I saw it, don’t tell me I’m wrong. Paton let things unfold, let the survivors speak, let them identify the officers he recognized, let them tell what that they had seen. Some officers Germans tried to defend themselves, claiming that he had only obeyed under orders, that he did not know, that he was not responsible.

The survivors did not discuss, did not debate, they just looked at them. The evidence that surrounded them spoke more stronger than any argument. At After three hours, Paton put an end to it. He gathered the German officers on the place of call, the same place where the prisoners had lined up to the roll call, where they had been counted, selected for work or for dead, where they had seen friends and loved ones be taken away.

Paton addressed them one last time. You are full of your food. You just see a place where men fought for crumbs died of hunger while waste were within sight. You are full of your beds. You just see a place where thousands of people were sleeping crowded together, paddling in their own filth. You are full of dignity. You have just seen a place where the human dignity has been systematically wiped out, where human beings were reduced to numbers, starved, put to death work to the point of mortal exhaustion, murdered for the simple fact of being born.

You are army officers who have does this. You took an oath to regime that built all this. You you commanded men who kept this place and you have the audacity to complain about camp beds and ration. He paused, let the words print. You want a better treatment? You have it. You are alive. We feed you.

You are in security. You are treated better than you didn’t treat anyone who landed here. And if you don’t understand why is it already more than what you deserve, then you have learned nothing today. He turned towards the American guards. Take them back to camp. The trucks returned in silence. Not no conversation, no complaints, nothing than silence.

On their return to the camp prisoners, German officers returned to their barracks, their beds camp, their ordinary meal, their safe, clean, boring captivity. The formal complaints stopped completely immediately. After this that day, not a single complaint written was never filed again. The American guards noticed something something else.

German officers now finished everything there had on their plate. Don’t let nothing more, no more wasting anything. Some were caught putting bread aside, to hide it. Old women habits among men who had seen what the real ending looked like. The Paton’s decision was controversial. Some American officers believed that it was useless, that it was equivalent to inhumane treatment, that would force prisoners to visit a concentration camp relieved of the psychological torture.

Others judged that it was necessary, that these men had either participated in the holocaust, or had made possible, and what to do with it witnesses to what their regime had accomplished raised. Paton never publicly defended this decision. He didn’t need it. When asked about this, he replied simply.

They were complaining of privileges. I showed them what truly resembles the absence of privilege. If it bothers them, so much better. Survivors who had participated, who were held in this camp and confronted their elders executioners reacted differently. Some felt that this provided a form of closure. Finally, the men who had caused their suffering had been forced to to see it, to witness it, to admit it.

To others, it seemed trivial. A three-hour visit did not erase nothing. Did not bring back the dead, did not not heal the wounds, but all agreed on one point. Complaints regarding food, beds and the hot water had stopped and it was something. Years later, the historians would analyze the visit of Dacho organized by Paton.

Some hailed as an early example of coercion imposed on the perpetrators of the crime of confront them with their actions as a precursor of the courts for crimes of war, as a means of establishing responsibility. Others criticized her like a simple staging. A three hour tour could not erase years of indoctrination.

Many of these officers were returned to their conviction. The simple being a witness does not produce change. Which is certain. 200 German officers who were full of their treatment were taken to a place that showed them what looked like real abuse. and they never complained again. That they have learned, that they have understood, that they experienced remorse is harder to say.

But they learned to be silent. They learned that the men who had them defeated had seen what Germany had done. And they learned that the laments about comfort would not be not tolerated by these men.

 

 

 

 

May 1945, Bavaria, Germany. The war was finished. Thousands of officers Germans were languishing in camps of American prisoners waiting to return home and they began to complain. The food was not quite good, eliopure, not enough hot water. They demanded better quality treatment. They were after all officers.

They deserve respect. The complaints went back to General Paton. He read it one by one. Of German officers demanding comfort, demanding privileges, behaving as if the war had not was just an inconvenience that they had to endure. Paton made a decision. He ordered trucks to be requisitioned, let the complaining officers be charged there and told them that he would be transferred to another establishment.

The trucks crossed the countryside Bavarian towards the east until reaching a place that the officers knew, of Acho. Paton led them to the camp of concentration to show them where their victims had lived, where they had suffered, where they were dead. What happened when these German officers crossed this door were going to break their arrogance forever.

This is the story of the visit which destroyed their pride. For understand why Paton did what he fit, we must understand what is happening passed in May in prison camps Americans. Germany had capitulated, the fighting was over and suddenly the American army found responsible for hundreds of thousands of German prisoners. only simple soldiers, officers, many of them, colonels, majors, captains, men who had ordered divisions, led battalions, fought throughout Europe.

They were housed in camps spread across throughout Germany, installations temporary, tents, barracks, rudimentary accommodation. Nothing luxurious but safe, clean. Three meals per day, medical care available. By camp standards of prisoners, they were well treated. Better than prisoners allies had not been in the camps Germans.

Better than he had lesser right to hope. And they complained, not discreetly, no not in secret, formal complaints written documents filed by voice hierarchy, complaints documented regarding their conditions of life. The complaints were similar striking manner. The food was insufficient. American rations were unworthy of dignity of German officers.

They wanted to German food prepared by German cooks. The conditions of sleep was unacceptable. Camp beds in barracks communities. No privacy, no single room. They were officers. He deserved coins, real beds, not military lilins campaign. Sanitary facilities were intolerable. Shared toilets, no hot water to bathe.

They demanded to real bathrooms, showers hot, the basic conditions of human dignity. A Colonel’s Complaint German even invoked the expression of violation of the Geneva Convention. He argued that the conditions amounted to inhumane treatment, that Germany would never have dealt with American officers in this way. Complaints piled up into dozens then hundreds.

Officers Germans who waged war there in Europe for years demanded now better conditions of accommodation from the army which had won. The complaints rose again to division headquarters then to corps headquarters and finally landed on the desk of Patonne. read them all one by one. He was sitting in his office facing piles of paper, formal complaints of German officers typed machine, signed, deposited by the way official hierarchy.

One demanded clean bed linen, another wanted coffee rather than tea. A major complained that the food portions were too small for someone his rank. Paton’s staff observed him reading. His face does not betrayed nothing, neither anger nor fun, nothing but concentration. When he had finished, he stood up, approached the map hanging on the wall, slid his finger along a route, then turned to his boss staff, prepare transport for around 200 German officers, trucks, armed guards tomorrow morning.

General, we transfer them to another camp of sorts. What installation, my general Paton pointed the finger card. Hot, the room froze. General, it’s a camp of concentration. It was empty present. The survivors were evacuated. The camp is preserved in its current state. we found it. I want these complaining officers see him.

The staff officer hesitated. My general, is that I mean, have we the right? Do we have the right to leave prisoners of war visit a historic site on the ground German? Yes, Captain, we have it fix this. The next morning, the 200 German officers were informed that they were going to be transferred. We put in trucks under the guard of armed American soldiers with a military police escort.

The officers assumed that they were led to better facilities. Finally, someone had heard their complaints. We transferred somewhere more suitable to men of their rank. Trucks crossed Bavaria. The officers Germans looked out the window their native country. Some recognized landmarks. They were driving east towards Munich.

A colonel turned towards a major sitting next to him. Maybe that he takes us into a real military installation, something more appropriate. The major shook his head. It was time. The conditions in this camp were outrageous. The trucks slowed down, left the main road and the officers saw where they were taken. A huge gate, electrified fences extending in both directions, watchtowers every 100 meters and the words written above the entrance.

Arbeit Mac Frey Daud. The trucks stopped. The American soldiers ordered the Germans came down and lined them up in a row. Paton was waiting, standing at the entrance great outfit. Its four stars sparkling, it was revolted to see it the belt. He didn’t scream, he didn’t scream not. His voice was calm, cold. Gentlemen, you have submitted numerous complaints regarding your living conditions, the quality of your food, the comfort of your beds, the state of your sanitary facilities.

You argued that you deserved a better treatment, that your rank conferred rights to certain standards. He paused, left silent have its effect. I brought you here to provide you with the necessary context to show you what it looks like real standards. He gestured to the American guards. Show them around. The visit began with the barracks of wooden structures designed to house maybe 200 people.

The Germans found that the Nazis had crammed more than 1000 people into each of them. The bunks were at three levels. wooden planks without mattress, without bed, nothing but wood, men sleep piled up against each other, barely room to move. An American guide, a lieutenant who had been part of the liberation troops explained in German.

The prisoners slept by rotation. There was not enough place so that everyone can lie down at the same time. He relayed. A German officer interrupted him. It’s propaganda. None establishment would not house people of this way. The lieutenant looked at him. The prisoners we freed told us. Some are still hospitalized in Munich.

Do you want them called a liar? You can visit yourself. They passed to the disciplinary cells of tiny pieces of barely 1.20 m on 1 m20 in concrete, without windows, with a siphon in the ground, nothing else. Of prisoners were locked there for days,” explained the American. Sometimes whole weeks. No light, no toilet, nothing but hole.

He remained standing because there was no no room to lie down. The German officers were silent now, no more interruptions. He closes the experiment rooms medical, the equipment still in place, the tables, the instruments, the documentation posted on the wall, detailed records of experiments hypothermia, chamber tests decompression, experiments carried out on living human beings.

A German officer vomited, turned away. A American guard detained him. No, you go look, you will see everything. He saw the crematoria, the ovens in which corpses had been cremated, their size, scale industrial, proof of a murder of mass mechanized, efficient, systematic. Bon had prepared something else, something that would transform the simple testimony in confrontation direct.

Survivors, former prisoners who were still in the region and were recovering camps for displaced people surroundings. He had asked for volunteers. Dozens had presented. They stood in front of the barracks, skeletal silhouettes. their uniforms were striped their body. Some could barely stand, others leaned on canes, on crutches.

He doesn’t didn’t speak, didn’t accuse. He just stood there and looked at the German officers. The Germans do not couldn’t hold their gaze, I will look down at the ground, at their feet, towards anything, except towards the survivors who were staring at them. A survivor came forward, an elderly man, soy anson. He pointed at the German doc and spoke in German. I know you.

You were in the labor camp in Poland in 1943. You have selected workers among our group, sent the others in the gas chambers. You have selected my son. He was years old. You looked him straight in the eye and you pointed left towards the rooms. The colonel blurted: “I I obeyed orders. I wasn’t.” “You smile when you point.

I I remember it. You smile. The colonel doesn’t say anything. He had nothing to say.” A another survivor spoke up, pointing to another officer. You were in Motozen. You beat a man died because he took a piece extra bread. I looked while you were doing it. The officer Nia, it wasn’t me. You do error. I never have.

The survivor rolled up his sleeve, showing the tattoo, number. I was there. I I saw it, don’t tell me I’m wrong. Paton let things unfold, let the survivors speak, let them identify the officers he recognized, let them tell what that they had seen. Some officers Germans tried to defend themselves, claiming that he had only obeyed under orders, that he did not know, that he was not responsible.

The survivors did not discuss, did not debate, they just looked at them. The evidence that surrounded them spoke more stronger than any argument. At After three hours, Paton put an end to it. He gathered the German officers on the place of call, the same place where the prisoners had lined up to the roll call, where they had been counted, selected for work or for dead, where they had seen friends and loved ones be taken away.

Paton addressed them one last time. You are full of your food. You just see a place where men fought for crumbs died of hunger while waste were within sight. You are full of your beds. You just see a place where thousands of people were sleeping crowded together, paddling in their own filth. You are full of dignity. You have just seen a place where the human dignity has been systematically wiped out, where human beings were reduced to numbers, starved, put to death work to the point of mortal exhaustion, murdered for the simple fact of being born.

You are army officers who have does this. You took an oath to regime that built all this. You you commanded men who kept this place and you have the audacity to complain about camp beds and ration. He paused, let the words print. You want a better treatment? You have it. You are alive. We feed you.

You are in security. You are treated better than you didn’t treat anyone who landed here. And if you don’t understand why is it already more than what you deserve, then you have learned nothing today. He turned towards the American guards. Take them back to camp. The trucks returned in silence. Not no conversation, no complaints, nothing than silence.

On their return to the camp prisoners, German officers returned to their barracks, their beds camp, their ordinary meal, their safe, clean, boring captivity. The formal complaints stopped completely immediately. After this that day, not a single complaint written was never filed again. The American guards noticed something something else.

German officers now finished everything there had on their plate. Don’t let nothing more, no more wasting anything. Some were caught putting bread aside, to hide it. Old women habits among men who had seen what the real ending looked like. The Paton’s decision was controversial. Some American officers believed that it was useless, that it was equivalent to inhumane treatment, that would force prisoners to visit a concentration camp relieved of the psychological torture.

Others judged that it was necessary, that these men had either participated in the holocaust, or had made possible, and what to do with it witnesses to what their regime had accomplished raised. Paton never publicly defended this decision. He didn’t need it. When asked about this, he replied simply.

They were complaining of privileges. I showed them what truly resembles the absence of privilege. If it bothers them, so much better. Survivors who had participated, who were held in this camp and confronted their elders executioners reacted differently. Some felt that this provided a form of closure. Finally, the men who had caused their suffering had been forced to to see it, to witness it, to admit it.

To others, it seemed trivial. A three-hour visit did not erase nothing. Did not bring back the dead, did not not heal the wounds, but all agreed on one point. Complaints regarding food, beds and the hot water had stopped and it was something. Years later, the historians would analyze the visit of Dacho organized by Paton.

Some hailed as an early example of coercion imposed on the perpetrators of the crime of confront them with their actions as a precursor of the courts for crimes of war, as a means of establishing responsibility. Others criticized her like a simple staging. A three hour tour could not erase years of indoctrination.

Many of these officers were returned to their conviction. The simple being a witness does not produce change. Which is certain. 200 German officers who were full of their treatment were taken to a place that showed them what looked like real abuse. and they never complained again. That they have learned, that they have understood, that they experienced remorse is harder to say.

But they learned to be silent. They learned that the men who had them defeated had seen what Germany had done. And they learned that the laments about comfort would not be not tolerated by these men.

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